Maryland Cosmetology State Practice Exam

What distinguishes a relaxer from a perm?

1. A relaxer adds volume, while a perm reduces it

2. A relaxer straightens hair, while a perm curls hair

3. A relaxer conditions hair, while a perm does not

4. There is no difference

The correct answer is: A relaxer straightens hair, while a perm curls hair

A relaxer is specifically formulated to alter the structure of curly or wavy hair, making it straight. This process involves breaking down the protein bonds in the hair, which allows the stylist to reshape the hair into a straighter form, providing a smooth finish. On the other hand, a perm, short for permanent wave, is designed to introduce curls or waves to straight hair by creating new bonds within the hair's structure that result in a curl pattern. Understanding the fundamental purpose of these two processes clarifies why the distinction is significant: relaxers are used to achieve straight hair, while perms are used to create curls. The other options involve concepts that are either incorrect or irrelevant. For instance, while relaxers can have conditioning components, their primary function is not conditioning but rather straightening. Additionally, a relaxer does not add volume in the same way that a perm does, which focuses on enhancing body and texture. Therefore, the clear differentiation lies in their intended outcomes—relaxers for straightening and perms for curling.