Maryland Cosmetology State Practice Exam

What ingredient is most commonly found in exfoliants?

1. Salicylic acid

2. Beta hydroxy acids

3. Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)

4. Glycolic acid

The correct answer is: Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)

Exfoliants are designed to remove dead skin cells from the skin's surface, promoting a smoother and more radiant appearance. Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are a group of naturally occurring acids derived from fruits and milk, and they are particularly well-known for their ability to gently exfoliate the skin. AHAs, such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid, work by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to slough off more easily and revealing the fresh skin underneath. While salicylic acid and beta hydroxy acids are also used in exfoliation, particularly for acne-prone skin, AHAs are the most widely recognized and commonly utilized for their gentle yet effective approach to exfoliation, particularly for improving skin texture and tone. Glycolic acid, one of the AHAs, is often highlighted for its effectiveness due to its small molecular size, allowing it to penetrate the skin more deeply. Therefore, the reference to AHAs in the question emphasizes their significance in exfoliating products, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.