Maryland Cosmetology State Practice Exam

What is a common ingredient in hair lighteners that can cause damage if misused?

1. Water

2. Ammonia

3. Glycerin

4. Aloe Vera

The correct answer is: Ammonia

Ammonia is commonly found in hair lighteners because it acts as an alkaline agent, allowing the hair cuticle to open. This action is crucial for the penetration of the lightening agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, which ultimately lift color from the hair. However, if ammonia is misused, it can lead to significant damage to the hair. When hair is exposed to high concentrations of ammonia or left on for too long, it can strip the natural oils and moisture from the hair, leading to dryness, brittleness, and breakage. In addition, ammonia can increase scalp sensitivity, resulting in irritation or burns. Therefore, it is essential to follow manufacturer instructions and use the product appropriately to minimize potential damage. The other ingredients listed, such as water, glycerin, and aloe vera, have different roles in hair products. Water serves as a solvent, glycerin is a humectant that helps retain moisture, and aloe vera is known for its soothing and hydrating properties. While these ingredients support hair health, they do not carry the same risk of damage when misused as ammonia does in hair lighteners.