Maryland Cosmetology State Practice Exam

What is the process of eliminating germs from surfaces called?

1. Sanitization

2. Disinfection

3. Decontamination

4. Sterilization

The correct answer is: Disinfection

The process of eliminating germs from surfaces is accurately described by the term disinfection. Disinfection involves using chemicals or other methods to destroy or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on surfaces to reduce the risk of infection and ensure safety in both personal and public environments. Disinfectants are typically used in settings such as salons, where cleanliness is vital for preventing the spread of diseases among clients. Disinfection does not necessarily remove all microorganisms, which distinguishes it from sterilization, a more rigorous process aimed at completely eliminating all forms of microbial life. In contrast, sanitization typically refers to a reduction of germs to a safe level as determined by public health standards, while decontamination encompasses both cleaning and disinfecting, focusing on reducing the presence of harmful substances. Therefore, in the context of eliminating germs from surfaces specifically, disinfection is the most appropriate term.